FEATURES OF CULTURAL LANDSCAPES FORMATION  IN PENZA REGION AT EARLY STAGES 

Ikonnikov Dmitriy Sergeevich, Doctor of historical sciences, head of the anthropological laboratory of sub-department of human anatomy, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), ikonnikof-ds@mail.ru
Artemova Serafima Nikolaevna, Candidate of geographical sciences, associate professor, sub-department of geography, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), art-serafima@yandex.ru
Prikazchikova Ol'ga Filippovna, Candidate of geographical sciences, associate professor, head of the quality managmeent department, Office of strategic development and quality management, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), prikaz4ikowa.ola@yandex.ru
Zhogova Marina L'vovna, Candidate of geographical sciences, associate professor, sub-department of geography, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), Ksemar@yandex.ru

911.52

10.21685/2307-9150-2017-4-10

Background. The article refers to processes of economic development and cultural landscapes formation, which took place in the territory of Penza region. The processes begun in the early Holocene. The economic development to a great extent was determined by the geoecological situation of that time. The goal of the work is to identify the spatiotemporal patterns at early stages of economic development of the territory of Penza region and the role of human economic activity in the formation of cultural landscapes together with cultural assessment of natural and historical heritage.
Materials and methods. In the course of the study the archeological data were compared with the data of paleogeography of the early Holocene. The location of the Neolithic sites was marked on the electronic map of economic development in the territory of Penza region. This map was made in the GIS-system QGIS.
Results and conclusions. The earliest human settlements in the territory of Penza region appeared in the early-Atlantic time. In this period the climate was warming up leading to occurrence of forest landscapes with high bioproductivity. In the territory of the region there were registered traces of different Neolithic archeological cultures. The population settlement was promoted by convenient location of the region concerning waterways and land routes, as well as favorable climatic conditions. The settlement was selective. The population preferred areas of high natural resource potential (floodplains and floodplain terraces). The anthropogenic impact to the nature had a local character at that time. The ecological balance remained. The most significant transformation of landscapes at that time was the result of changes in the animal world and a decrease of the biotic potential of natural complexes.

historical and geographical analysis, Neolith, cultural landscapes, Penza region, archeology cultures

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